Hornbostel - Sachs
Necked lutes
One or more strings are stretched between fixed points. The string bearer and the resonator are organically united and cannot be separated without destroying the instrument. The plane of the strings runs parallel with the sound-table. The string bearer is a plain handle that is attached to or carved from the resonator, like a neck. The resonator consists of a natural or carved-out bowl. Mandolin, theorbo.
Necked bowl lutes
Necked bowl lutes sounded by the bare fingers
Necked bowl lutes sounded by bowing